The intersection of mobility, environmental and climate change, and conflict in the East and Horn of Africa (MMC, 2025)

This report syntheses the current knowledge on the complex interlinkages between environmental
degradation, climate change, conflict, and human mobility in the East and Horn of Africa. The region faces severe climate stresses and hazards, including recurrent droughts, erratic rainfall, extreme heat, and environmental degradation, which are drivers of displacement and migration. These challenges are further exacerbated by fragile governance structures and limited adaptive capacity, intensifying the region’s vulnerability to climate-induced displacement and socio-political instability.